Síndrome de burnout en enfermeras psiquiátricas y urgencias: asociación entre clima organizacional y afrontamiento del estrés.
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Nurses are among the professionals most likely to present Burnout Syndrome (BS), which is characterized by low personal accomplishment, high depersonalization and high emotional exhaustion. The relationship between BS and coping with stress has been documented but little is known about the role of organizational characteristics. Objective. To analyze the relationship between organizational climate, coping with stress, and BS in psychiatric and emergency nursing professionals. Method. An exploratory, cross-sectional, correlational study was carried out with 168 nurses working in a psychiatric hospital and in two emergency rooms in central Mexico. A self-administered questionnaire was used including the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Organizational Climate Questionnaire, and the Coping with Stress Questionnaire. A multiple linear regression was performed for each dimension of BS. Results. Three percent of the participants were classified with BS, with equal proportions (16.2%) of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, without significant differences between groups. Negative Self-Focusing and Positive Reappraisal coping strategies explain high SB scores, with a direct positive and a negative association, respectively, and explain 23.8% of the variance. The work environment has a direct and negative association with SB; a better work environment decreases the SB score, with 33.5% of the variance explained. Discussion: The results provide evidence for opportunities to develop preventive programs that promote the creation of healthy workplace environments for nursing professionals.
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