A gender analysis of non-contributory pensions in Mexico:economic dependence and well-being in old age
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Population aging in Mexico occurs within a context of structural gender inequalities that affect access to income, social protection, and well-being in old age. This research aims to study sex differences in the economic situation, financial dependence, and subjective well-being of older adults receiving benefits from the Pension for Well-being Program in the city of Chetumal, Quintana Roo. A quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive-comparative study was conducted, which consisted of administering a structured questionnaire to 100 older adults (50 women and 50 men). The analysis included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests to examine associations between sex and key variables, and the calculation of the Gini index, the Lorenz curve, and the Kakwani index to evaluate income distribution before and after the transfer. The results show sex differences in income levels and sources, economic dependence, and perceived pension adequacy, as well as distinct patterns of subjective well-being. A reduction in income inequality is also observed following the introduction of the non-contributory pension, along with the progressive nature of the transfer. It is concluded that, while the program contributes to improving income distribution among older adults, gender-related inequalities persist, limiting economic autonomy and well-being in old age. This underscores the importance of studying social support policies from a gender perspective and within local contexts.
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